Krashen and Cummins Homework

I reviewed Chapter 2 pages 41-43 regarding 1) The Input Hypothesis, 2) The Affective Filter Hypothesis, 3) Cognitive Demand/Contextual Support.

1) The Input Hypothesis
      - Learning just a little more beyond our current level of competence
      - Adding to our ability by understanding the content of the communication and acquire more
         as we "understand" the meaning and context
      - Less about the structure, more about absorbing an understanding

2) Affective Filter Hypothesis
      - Mental blocks - anxiety, lack of motivation, lack of self-confidence
      - Open for learning when we feel comfortable and safe
      - Open for learning when we see ourselves as capable learners
      - "People acquire second languages when they obtain comprehensible input and when their    
         affective filters are low enough to allow the input in." - Ruddell, page 43

3) Cummins - Cognitive Demand/Contextual Support
          Context Embedded
             - easy negotiated messages (social conversations, friends talking, famous books re-read)
          Context Reduced
             - rely on previous knowledge (classrooms, new vocab, writing reports, informational text)
          Cognitively Undemanding
             - lots of given background information, redundancy, repeated scenarios and outcomes
          Cognitively Demanding
              - learning new concepts, abstract information